Which of the following is a common byproduct of chlorination in water treatment?

Chloroform is a common byproduct of chlorination in water treatment due to the reaction between chlorine and organic matter present in the water. When chlorine is added for disinfection purposes, it can react with natural organic compounds, such as humic and fulvic acids, to form trihalomethanes (THMs), one of which is chloroform. The formation of chloroform and other THMs is an important area of concern in water quality and public health, as they can pose health risks when consumed in significant amounts over time.

In contrast, fluoride is typically added separately to drinking water for dental health benefits but is not a byproduct of chlorination. Lead can be found in water primarily due to plumbing materials and is not related to the chlorination process. Nitrites, which are associated with nitrogen-based compounds in water, do not typically result from chlorination and instead can arise from other sources such as agricultural runoff and wastewater discharges.

Understanding these byproducts is crucial for assessing the safety and quality of drinking water following disinfection processes.