What does the term “chlorination” refer to in water treatment?

The term “chlorination” in water treatment specifically refers to the addition of chlorine to water as a means to kill bacteria and other pathogens. This process is vital in ensuring safe drinking water, as chlorine is a potent disinfectant that effectively targets a variety of microorganisms that can cause diseases.

This method has been widely adopted due to its effectiveness and the residual benefit it provides; even after initial treatment, the presence of chlorine in the water can help prevent the regrowth of harmful organisms as the water travels through pipes to consumers. Understanding this term is crucial for water safety and public health, as it highlights one of the primary methods used to protect communities from waterborne diseases.

The other choices do not accurately describe chlorination, with some referring to processes unrelated to chlorine's role in disinfecting water.