What does the process of chlorination achieve in water treatment?

The process of chlorination in water treatment is primarily aimed at disinfecting water and killing harmful bacteria. Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant that effectively eliminates various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which can pose serious health risks if ingested. By introducing chlorine into the water supply, treatment facilities can significantly reduce the likelihood of waterborne diseases and ensure that the water is safe for human consumption.

Disinfection is a critical step in the water treatment process because untreated water can harbor a range of microorganisms that can lead to outbreaks of illnesses. Chlorination not only targets existing pathogens but also provides a residual effect, helping to maintain water quality even as it travels through pipes to consumers.

While other processes in water treatment might involve removing heavy metals, reducing turbidity, or altering taste, those functions are distinct from what chlorination specifically accomplishes. Chlorination's primary purpose and success lie in its role as a disinfectant, making it essential in protecting public health through effective water treatment.